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When the respiratory muscles are affected by CMT, the result is a very specific kind of respiratory impairment. This respiratory impairment, however, is shrouded in misconceptions and misunderstandings that often lead to poor treatment choices and therapeutic outcomes. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association (CMTA) Advisory Board member and CMT pulmonology expert Ashraf Elsayegh, MD, FCCP, FAASM, Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine UCLA School of Medicine, explains that respiratory impairment is grouped into two basic categories: diseases of lung tissue (lung disease), and diseases affecting the chest cavity (thoracic cavity respiratory disease). CMT-related respiratory impairment is a respiratory disease of the thoracic cavity, whereas diseases such as COPD are diseases of lung tissue, the two are not related nor connected, and one does not cause the other. Understanding the fundamental differences between lung disease and thoracic cavity disease is key to achieving successful therapeutic outcomes.